Generic article
Summary achene characteristics
Lactuca species | Achene size (mm) | Achene colour | Number of ribs | Beak size | Pappus size (mm) |
aculeata | 7½ | Brown | 4½ mm | ≥ 3½ | |
altaica | 6-10 | Brownish; greyish | 5-10 | As long as body | |
azerbaijanica | |||||
dregeana | Yellowish brown | 5-6 (x2) | 3-4½ mm | 4-5 | |
scarioloides | 9½ | Pale brown | 4-4.7 mm | 5½-7 | |
serriola | 6-8 | Pale brown; olive grey | 5-9 (x2) | 3-3½ mm | 3-7 |
saligna | 3-8 | Dark grey; dark brown | 7-8 (x2) | 5 | |
acanthifolia | 8-9 | Yellowish brown | 5-7 | ½ to as long as body | |
alpestris | 7-8 | 1½-2 mm | 3 | ||
aurea | 7-8 | Brown | 10 | 1-1½ mm | |
georgica | 6-7 | Dark violet; black | 7 (x2) | 2-2½ mm | 3-3½ |
longidentata | 7-10 | Black | 7-12 | ⅓ of body | |
orientalis | 7-8 | Brownish | 5-7 (x2) | 2-3 mm | 7-8 |
quercina ssp. quercina | 7-8 | Black | 5-8 | <½ of body | 5-6 |
quercina ssp. wilhelmsiana | 6-7.2 | Black | 9-14 | ≥½ of body | 5-6½ |
sibirica | 4-5 | Olive | ¼ of body | 5-9 | |
tatarica | 4½-6½ | Yellowish; olive; blackish | 5-7 | 1-1½ mm | 8-9 |
viminea ssp. chondrilliflora | 7-10 | <½ of achene | |||
viminea ssp. ramosissima | |||||
viminea ssp. viminea | 9½-15 | Blackish | 14 | 4½-6 mm | 4½-10½ |
virosa ssp. cornigera | |||||
virosa ssp. livida | ≤7 | Black | 5-6 | ≤ size of body | |
virosa ssp. virosa | 6-10 | Blackish | 5 | As long as body | |
watsoniana | 4-6 | Brownish green (yellow spots) | 5-8 | ⅓-½ of achene |